<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- This schema was created by staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. -->
<!-- Data and content created by government employees within the scope of their employment -->
<!-- are not subject to domestic copyright protection. 17 U.S.C. 105. -->
<xs:schema
xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31"
xmlns:ecd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026"
xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
xmlns:ref="http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref"
xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt"
xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
targetNamespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref-2006-02-27.xsd"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
<xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd"/>
<xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd"/>
<xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2006/ref-2006-02-27.xsd"/>
<xs:annotation>
<xs:appinfo>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosure" id="PvpDisclosure">
<link:definition>995410 - Disclosure - Pay vs Performance Disclosure</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasures" id="PvpDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasures">
<link:definition>995411 - Disclosure - Pay vs Performance Disclosure, with Additional Measures</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpTable" id="PvpTable">
<link:definition>995412 - Document - Pay vs Performance Table</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpAdjustmentsToCompensation" id="PvpAdjustmentsToCompensation">
<link:definition>995413 - Disclosure - Adjustments to Compensation</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/TabularListsByExecutiveCategory" id="TabularListsByExecutiveCategory">
<link:definition>995414 - Disclosure - Tabular Lists by Executive Category</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/TabularListMeasures" id="TabularListMeasures">
<link:definition>995415 - Disclosure - Tabular List Measures</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpMeasures" id="PvpMeasures">
<link:definition>995424 - Disclosure - Measures</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpExecutiveCategoriesOnly" id="PvpExecutiveCategoriesOnly">
<link:definition>995425 - Document - Executive Categories</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpAdjustmentsOnly" id="PvpAdjustmentsOnly">
<link:definition>995426 - Document - Pay vs Performance Adjustments</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/IndividualsOnly" id="IndividualsOnly">
<link:definition>995427 - Document - Individuals</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/AwardTypeOnly" id="AwardTypeOnly">
<link:definition>995428 - Document - Award Types</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/TradingArrangementsOnly" id="TradingArrangmentsOnly">
<link:definition>995429 - Document - Trading Arrangements</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpPensionBenefitsAdjustments" id="PvpPensionBenefitsAdjustments">
<link:definition>995430 - Document - Pension Benefits Adjustments</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/ErrCompDisclosure" id="ErrCompDisclosure">
<link:definition>995440 - Disclosure - Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/ForgoneRecoveries" id="ForgoneRecoveries">
<link:definition>995441 - Document - Forgone Recoveries, by Individual</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/OutstandingRecoveries" id="OutstandingRecoveries">
<link:definition>995442 - Document - Outstanding Recoveries</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/AwardTimingDisclosure" id="AwardTimingDisclosure">
<link:definition>995443 - Disclosure - Award Timing Disclosure</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/AwardsCloseToMnpiDisc" id="AwardsCloseToMnpiDisc">
<link:definition>995444 - Document - Awards Close To MNPI Disclosures</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/InsiderTradingArrangements" id="InsiderTradingArrangements">
<link:definition>995445 - Disclosure - Insider Trading Arrangements</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/InsiderTradingArrangementsByInd" id="InsiderTradingArrangemenstByInd">
<link:definition>995446 - Document - Insider Trading Arrangements, by Individual</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/InsiderTradingPoliciesProc" id="InsiderTradingPoliciesProc">
<link:definition>995447 - Disclosure - Insider Trading Policies and Procedures</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:roleType roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/Defaults" id="Defaults">
<link:definition>995450 - Document - Defaults</link:definition>
<link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
</link:roleType>
<link:linkbase id="lnk">
<link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#all"/>
<link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-default"/>
<link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-domain"/>
<link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#domain-member"/>
<link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#hypercube-dimension"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/Defaults" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#Defaults"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/ErrCompDisclosure" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#ErrCompDisclosure"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/ForgoneRecoveries" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#ForgoneRecoveries"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/OutstandingRecoveries" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#OutstandingRecoveries"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpAdjustmentsToCompensation" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#PvpAdjustmentsToCompensation"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosure" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#PvpDisclosure"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasures" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#PvpDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasures"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpMeasures" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#PvpMeasures"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpTable" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#PvpTable"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/TabularListMeasures" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#TabularListMeasures"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/TabularListsByExecutiveCategory" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#TabularListsByExecutiveCategory"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpExecutiveCategoriesOnly" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#PvpExecutiveCategoriesOnly"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpAdjustmentsOnly" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#PvpAdjustmentsOnly"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/IndividualsOnly" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#IndividualsOnly"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/AwardsCloseToMnpiDisc" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#AwardsCloseToMnpiDisc"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/AwardTimingDisclosure" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#AwardTimingDisclosure"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/InsiderTradingArrangementsByInd" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#InsiderTradingArrangemenstByInd"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/InsiderTradingPoliciesProc" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#InsiderTradingPoliciesProc"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/AwardTypeOnly" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#AwardTypeOnly"/>
<link:roleRef roleURI="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/TradingArrangementsOnly" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="#TradingArrangmentsOnly"/>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/Defaults">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="IndividualAxis"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllIndividualsMember" xlink:label="AllIndividualsMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="IndividualAxis" xlink:to="AllIndividualsMember" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:label="ExecutiveCategoryAxis"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:label="AllExecutiveCategoriesMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:to="AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:label="AdjToCompAxis"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllAdjToCompMember" xlink:label="AllAdjToCompMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="AdjToCompAxis" xlink:to="AllAdjToCompMember" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="AwardTypeAxis"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" order="1.0" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TradingArrAxis" xlink:label="TradingArrAxis"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllTradingArrangementsMember" xlink:label="AllTradingArrangementsMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="TradingArrAxis" xlink:to="AllTradingArrangementsMember" order="1.0" priority="10"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/ErrCompDisclosure">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:label="ErrCompRecoveryTable"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="ErrCompRecoveryTable" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:closed="false" xbrldt:contextElement="segment"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/ErrCompDisclosure">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:label="RestatementDeterminationDate"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="RestatementDeterminationDate" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:label="AggtErrCompAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="AggtErrCompAmt" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:label="ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="4.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:label="StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="5.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:label="OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" use="optional" priority="10" order="6.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:label="AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="7.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:label="RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="8.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/ErrCompDisclosure">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:label="ErrCompRecoveryTable"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:label="RestatementDateAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:to="RestatementDateAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/ForgoneRecoveries">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/ForgoneRecoveries">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveryIndName"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="ForgoneRecoveryIndName" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" use="optional" priority="10" order="4.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" use="optional" priority="10" order="5.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="6.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/ForgoneRecoveries">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:label="RestatementDateAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:to="RestatementDateAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="IndividualAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:to="IndividualAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/IndividualsOnly"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/IndividualsOnly">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="IndividualAxis"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllIndividualsMember" xlink:label="AllIndividualsMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="IndividualAxis" xlink:to="AllIndividualsMember" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/IndividualsOnly">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllIndividualsMember" xlink:label="AllIndividualsMember"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NonNeosMember" xlink:label="NonNeosMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AllIndividualsMember" xlink:to="NonNeosMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/OutstandingRecoveries">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:label="OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:label="OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/OutstandingRecoveries">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:label="OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:label="OutstandingRecoveryIndName"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="OutstandingRecoveryIndName" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:label="OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/OutstandingRecoveries">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:label="OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:label="RestatementDateAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:to="RestatementDateAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="IndividualAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:to="IndividualAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/IndividualsOnly"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpAdjustmentsOnly">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:label="AdjToCompAxis"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllAdjToCompMember" xlink:label="AllAdjToCompMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="AdjToCompAxis" xlink:to="AllAdjToCompMember" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpAdjustmentsOnly">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllAdjToCompMember" xlink:label="AllAdjToCompMember"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" xlink:label="AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AllAdjToCompMember" xlink:to="AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:label="AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AllAdjToCompMember" xlink:to="AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:label="PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:to="PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" xlink:label="PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:to="PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember" xlink:label="EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AllAdjToCompMember" xlink:to="EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" xlink:label="EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember" xlink:to="EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:label="EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember" xlink:to="EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" xlink:label="YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:to="YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember" xlink:label="ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:to="ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:label="VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:to="VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:label="ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:to="ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="4.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" xlink:label="FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:to="FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="5.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" xlink:label="DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:to="DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="6.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpAdjustmentsToCompensation">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AdjLineItems" xlink:label="AdjLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AdjToCompAmt" xlink:label="AdjToCompAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AdjLineItems" xlink:to="AdjToCompAmt" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpAdjustmentsToCompensation">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AdjLineItems" xlink:label="AdjLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpAdjTable" xlink:label="PvpAdjTable_2"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="AdjLineItems" xlink:to="PvpAdjTable_2" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpAdjustmentsToCompensation">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpAdjTable" xlink:label="PvpAdjTable"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:label="ExecutiveCategoryAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="PvpAdjTable" xlink:to="ExecutiveCategoryAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpExecutiveCategoriesOnly"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="IndividualAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="PvpAdjTable" xlink:to="IndividualAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/IndividualsOnly"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:label="AdjToCompAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="PvpAdjTable" xlink:to="AdjToCompAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpAdjustmentsOnly"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosure">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTable" xlink:label="PvpTable"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="PvpTable" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosure">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:label="PvpTableTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="PvpTableTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:label="AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="7.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:label="NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="4.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:label="EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="9.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:label="CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="10.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:label="CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="11.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:label="TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="12.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" xlink:label="CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="13.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="14.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:label="PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="5.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="6.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:label="CoSelectedMeasureName"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="CoSelectedMeasureName" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:label="AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="8.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:label="PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="15.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:label="EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="16.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasures">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasuresLineItems" xlink:label="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasuresLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpWithAdditionalMeasuresTable" xlink:label="PvpWithAdditionalMeasuresTable"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasuresLineItems" xlink:to="PvpWithAdditionalMeasuresTable" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasures">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasuresLineItems" xlink:label="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasuresLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" xlink:label="CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasuresLineItems" xlink:to="CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasures">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpWithAdditionalMeasuresTable" xlink:label="PvpWithAdditionalMeasuresTable"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:label="ExecutiveCategoryAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="PvpWithAdditionalMeasuresTable" xlink:to="ExecutiveCategoryAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpExecutiveCategoriesOnly"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="IndividualAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="PvpWithAdditionalMeasuresTable" xlink:to="IndividualAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/IndividualsOnly"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:label="MeasureAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="PvpWithAdditionalMeasuresTable" xlink:to="MeasureAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpExecutiveCategoriesOnly">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:label="ExecutiveCategoryAxis"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:label="AllExecutiveCategoriesMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:to="AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpExecutiveCategoriesOnly">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:label="AllExecutiveCategoriesMember"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PeoMember" xlink:label="PeoMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:to="PeoMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NonPeoNeoMember" xlink:label="NonPeoNeoMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:to="NonPeoNeoMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpMeasures">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpMeasuresLineItems" xlink:label="PvpMeasuresLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpMeasuresTable" xlink:label="PvpMeasuresTable"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="PvpMeasuresLineItems" xlink:to="PvpMeasuresTable" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpMeasures">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpMeasuresLineItems" xlink:label="PvpMeasuresLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_MeasureName" xlink:label="MeasureName"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PvpMeasuresLineItems" xlink:to="MeasureName" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" xlink:label="NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PvpMeasuresLineItems" xlink:to="NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" xlink:label="OtherPerfMeasureAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PvpMeasuresLineItems" xlink:to="OtherPerfMeasureAmt" priority="10" order="4.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpMeasures">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpMeasuresTable" xlink:label="PvpMeasuresTable"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:label="MeasureAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="PvpMeasuresTable" xlink:to="MeasureAxis" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpTable">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" xlink:label="PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:label="PeoTotalCompAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" xlink:to="PeoTotalCompAmt" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" xlink:label="NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" xlink:to="NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" priority="10" order="4.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" xlink:label="NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" xlink:to="NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" priority="10" order="5.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:label="TotalShareholderRtnAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" xlink:to="TotalShareholderRtnAmt" priority="10" order="6.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:label="PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" xlink:to="PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" priority="10" order="7.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="NetIncomeLoss"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" xlink:to="NetIncomeLoss" priority="-1" order="8.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" xlink:label="CoSelectedMeasureAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" xlink:to="CoSelectedMeasureAmt" priority="10" order="9.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:label="PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" xlink:to="PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpTable">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" xlink:label="PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTable" xlink:label="PvpTable_2"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" xlink:to="PvpTable_2" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpTable">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTable" xlink:label="PvpTable"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="IndividualAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="PvpTable" xlink:to="IndividualAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/IndividualsOnly"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/TabularListMeasures">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TabularListMeasuresLineItems" xlink:label="TabularListMeasuresLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTabularListTable" xlink:label="PvpTabularListTable"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="TabularListMeasuresLineItems" xlink:to="PvpTabularListTable" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:closed="true" xbrldt:contextElement="segment"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/TabularListMeasures">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TabularListMeasuresLineItems" xlink:label="TabularListMeasuresLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_MeasureName" xlink:label="MeasureName"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="TabularListMeasuresLineItems" xlink:to="MeasureName" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/TabularListMeasures">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTabularListTable" xlink:label="PvpTabularListTable"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:label="ExecutiveCategoryAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="PvpTabularListTable" xlink:to="ExecutiveCategoryAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpExecutiveCategoriesOnly"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="IndividualAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="PvpTabularListTable" xlink:to="IndividualAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/IndividualsOnly"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:label="MeasureAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="PvpTabularListTable" xlink:to="MeasureAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/TabularListsByExecutiveCategory">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTabularListsLineItems" xlink:label="PvpTabularListsLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTabularListsTable" xlink:label="PvpTabularListsTable"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="PvpTabularListsLineItems" xlink:to="PvpTabularListsTable" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/TabularListsByExecutiveCategory">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTabularListsLineItems" xlink:label="PvpTabularListsLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:label="TabularListTableTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PvpTabularListsLineItems" xlink:to="TabularListTableTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PeoName" xlink:label="PeoName"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="PvpTabularListsLineItems" xlink:to="PeoName" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/TabularListsByExecutiveCategory">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTabularListsTable" xlink:label="PvpTabularListsTable"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:label="ExecutiveCategoryAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="PvpTabularListsTable" xlink:to="ExecutiveCategoryAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/PvpExecutiveCategoriesOnly"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="IndividualAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="PvpTabularListsTable" xlink:to="IndividualAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/IndividualsOnly"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/AwardTimingDisclosure">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:label="AwardTmgDiscLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgDiscTable" xlink:label="AwardTmgDiscTable"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:to="AwardTmgDiscTable" order="1.0" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" priority="10"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/AwardTimingDisclosure">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:label="AwardTmgDiscLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" xlink:label="AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:to="AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" xlink:label="AwardTmgMethodTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:to="AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" xlink:label="AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:to="AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" use="optional" priority="10" order="5.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" xlink:label="AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:to="AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="6.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" xlink:label="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:to="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="8.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" xlink:label="MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:to="MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" use="optional" priority="10" order="7.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" xlink:label="AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:to="AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" use="optional" priority="10" order="4.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/AwardsCloseToMnpiDisc">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems" xlink:label="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:label="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems" xlink:to="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" order="1.0" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" priority="10"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/AwardsCloseToMnpiDisc">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems" xlink:label="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:label="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems" xlink:to="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:label="AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems" xlink:to="AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardExrcPrice" xlink:label="AwardExrcPrice"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems" xlink:to="AwardExrcPrice" use="optional" priority="10" order="4.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="AwardGrantDateFairValue"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems" xlink:to="AwardGrantDateFairValue" use="optional" priority="10" order="5.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:label="UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems" xlink:to="UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" use="optional" priority="10" order="6.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/AwardsCloseToMnpiDisc">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:label="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="IndividualAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:to="IndividualAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/IndividualsOnly"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="AwardTypeAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:to="AwardTypeAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/AwardTypeOnly"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/InsiderTradingArrangementsByInd">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:label="InsiderTradingArrLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TradingArrByIndTable" xlink:label="TradingArrByIndTable"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="TradingArrByIndTable" order="1.0" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" priority="10"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/InsiderTradingArrangementsByInd">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:label="InsiderTradingArrLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" xlink:label="MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TrdArrIndName" xlink:label="TrdArrIndName"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="TrdArrIndName" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" xlink:label="TrdArrIndTitle"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="TrdArrIndTitle" use="optional" priority="10" order="4.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:label="Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" use="optional" priority="10" order="5.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:label="Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" use="optional" priority="10" order="6.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:label="NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" use="optional" priority="10" order="7.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate" xlink:label="TrdArrAdoptionDate"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="TrdArrAdoptionDate" use="optional" priority="10" order="8.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:label="NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" use="optional" priority="10" order="9.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate" xlink:label="TrdArrTerminationDate"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="TrdArrTerminationDate" use="optional" priority="10" order="10.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TrdArrDuration" xlink:label="TrdArrDuration"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="TrdArrDuration" use="optional" priority="10" order="12.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt" xlink:label="TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt" use="optional" priority="10" order="13.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate" xlink:label="TrdArrExpirationDate"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="TrdArrExpirationDate" use="optional" priority="10" order="11.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/InsiderTradingArrangementsByInd">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TradingArrByIndTable" xlink:label="TradingArrByIndTable"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="IndividualAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="TradingArrByIndTable" xlink:to="IndividualAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/IndividualsOnly"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TradingArrAxis" xlink:label="TradingArrAxis"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="TradingArrByIndTable" xlink:to="TradingArrAxis" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0" xbrldt:targetRole="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/TradingArrangementsOnly"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/InsiderTradingPoliciesProc">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" xlink:label="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcTable" xlink:label="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcTable"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" xlink:to="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcTable" order="1.0" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xbrldt:closed="true" priority="10"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/InsiderTradingPoliciesProc">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" xlink:label="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" xlink:label="InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" xlink:to="InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock" xlink:label="InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" xlink:to="InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock" use="optional" priority="10" order="3.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/AwardTypeOnly">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis" xlink:label="AwardTypeAxis"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="AwardTypeAxis" xlink:to="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" order="1.0" priority="10"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/AwardTypeOnly">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:label="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeStockOptionMember" xlink:label="EmployeeStockOptionMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:to="EmployeeStockOptionMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="1.0"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd#us-gaap_StockAppreciationRightsSARSMember" xlink:label="StockAppreciationRightsSARSMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementsByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardTypeAndPlanNameDomain" xlink:to="StockAppreciationRightsSARSMember" use="optional" priority="10" order="2.0"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/role/TradingArrangementsOnly">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TradingArrAxis" xlink:label="TradingArrAxis"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllTradingArrangementsMember" xlink:label="AllTradingArrangementsMember"/>
<link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="TradingArrAxis" xlink:to="AllTradingArrangementsMember" order="1.0" priority="10"/>
</link:definitionLink>
<link:referenceLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link">
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NonNeosMember" xlink:label="NonNeosMember"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_NonNeosMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>6</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>i</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="NonNeosMember" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_NonNeosMember_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>w</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>ii</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="NonNeosMember" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_NonNeosMember_3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 20-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>6</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>F</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>ii</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="NonNeosMember" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_3" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_NonNeosMember_4" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 40-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>19</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>2</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="NonNeosMember" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_4" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_NonNeosMember_5" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form N-CSR</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>18</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>2</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="NonNeosMember" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_5" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_3" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_4" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_5" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_3" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_4" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_5" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_3" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_4" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_5" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:label="PvpTableTextBlock"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PvpTableTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_PvpTableTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:label="CoSelectedMeasureName"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>vi</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="CoSelectedMeasureName" xlink:to="reference_CoSelectedMeasureName" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:label="NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>3</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:label="PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iv</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" xlink:label="ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:label="AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:label="AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:label="EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>4</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:label="CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>5</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>i</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:label="CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>5</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>ii</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" xlink:label="CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>5</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:label="TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>5</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iv</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" xlink:label="CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasuresLineItems" xlink:label="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasuresLineItems"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasuresLineItems" xlink:to="reference_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpWithAdditionalMeasuresTable" xlink:label="PvpWithAdditionalMeasuresTable"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PvpWithAdditionalMeasuresTable" xlink:to="reference_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:label="TabularListTableTextBlock"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>6</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="TabularListTableTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_TabularListTableTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:label="PeoTotalCompAmt"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>ii</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PeoTotalCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_PeoTotalCompAmt" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:label="PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" xlink:label="NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_PeoTotalCompAmt" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" xlink:label="NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" xlink:to="reference_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:label="TotalShareholderRtnAmt"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="TotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:to="reference_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:label="PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" xlink:to="reference_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" xlink:label="CoSelectedMeasureAmt"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="CoSelectedMeasureAmt" xlink:to="reference_CoSelectedMeasureName" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AdjToCompAmt" xlink:label="AdjToCompAmt"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AdjToCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PeoName" xlink:label="PeoName"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PeoName" xlink:to="reference_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_MeasureName" xlink:label="MeasureName"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="MeasureName" xlink:to="reference_CoSelectedMeasureName" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" xlink:label="NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_CoSelectedMeasureName" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_MeasureAxis" xlink:label="MeasureAxis"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="MeasureAxis" xlink:to="reference_CoSelectedMeasureName" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpMeasuresTable" xlink:label="PvpMeasuresTable"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PvpMeasuresTable" xlink:to="reference_CoSelectedMeasureName" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpMeasuresLineItems" xlink:label="PvpMeasuresLineItems"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PvpMeasuresLineItems" xlink:to="reference_CoSelectedMeasureName" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:label="AllExecutiveCategoriesMember"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PeoMember" xlink:label="PeoMember"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PeoMember" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NonPeoNeoMember" xlink:label="NonPeoNeoMember"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="NonPeoNeoMember" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllIndividualsMember" xlink:label="AllIndividualsMember"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AllIndividualsMember" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AllIndividualsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 20-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>6</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>F</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>ii</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AllIndividualsMember" xlink:to="reference_AllIndividualsMember" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AllIndividualsMember" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_4" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AllIndividualsMember" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_5" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AllIndividualsMember" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AllIndividualsMember_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>x</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AllIndividualsMember" xlink:to="reference_AllIndividualsMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AllIndividualsMember_3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>408</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>a</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>A</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AllIndividualsMember" xlink:to="reference_AllIndividualsMember_3" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_IndividualAxis" xlink:label="IndividualAxis"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="IndividualAxis" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="IndividualAxis" xlink:to="reference_AllIndividualsMember" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="IndividualAxis" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_4" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="IndividualAxis" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_5" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="IndividualAxis" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="IndividualAxis" xlink:to="reference_AllIndividualsMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="IndividualAxis" xlink:to="reference_AllIndividualsMember_3" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTabularListTable" xlink:label="PvpTabularListTable"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PvpTabularListTable" xlink:to="reference_TabularListTableTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AdjLineItems" xlink:label="AdjLineItems"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AdjLineItems" xlink:to="reference_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpAdjTable" xlink:label="PvpAdjTable"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PvpAdjTable" xlink:to="reference_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AdjToCompAxis" xlink:label="AdjToCompAxis"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AdjToCompAxis" xlink:to="reference_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllAdjToCompMember" xlink:label="AllAdjToCompMember"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AllAdjToCompMember" xlink:to="reference_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTabularListsLineItems" xlink:label="PvpTabularListsLineItems"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PvpTabularListsLineItems" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTabularListsTable" xlink:label="PvpTabularListsTable"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PvpTabularListsTable" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:label="ExecutiveCategoryAxis"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ExecutiveCategoryAxis" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PvpTable" xlink:label="PvpTable"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PvpTable" xlink:to="reference_PvpTableTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="reference_PvpTableTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" xlink:label="PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" xlink:to="reference_PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:label="Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" xlink:label="OtherPerfMeasureAmt"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OtherPerfMeasureAmt" xlink:to="reference_CoSelectedMeasureName" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TabularListMeasuresLineItems" xlink:label="TabularListMeasuresLineItems"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="TabularListMeasuresLineItems" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>w</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="reference_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 20-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>6</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>F</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="reference_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems_2" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems_3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 40-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>19</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="reference_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems_3" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems_4" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form N-CSR</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>18</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="reference_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems_4" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:label="RestatementDeterminationDate"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>w</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>i</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>A</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:to="reference_RestatementDeterminationDate" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RestatementDeterminationDate_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 20-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>6</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>F</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>i</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>A</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:to="reference_RestatementDeterminationDate_2" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RestatementDeterminationDate_3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 40-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>19</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>1</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>i</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:to="reference_RestatementDeterminationDate_3" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RestatementDeterminationDate_4" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form N-CSR</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>18</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>1</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>i</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RestatementDeterminationDate" xlink:to="reference_RestatementDeterminationDate_4" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:label="AggtErrCompAmt"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>w</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>i</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>B</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_AggtErrCompAmt" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AggtErrCompAmt_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 20-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>6</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>F</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>i</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>B</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_AggtErrCompAmt_2" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AggtErrCompAmt_3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 40-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>19</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>1</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>ii</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_AggtErrCompAmt_3" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AggtErrCompAmt_4" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form N-CSR</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>18</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>1</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>ii</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_AggtErrCompAmt_4" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:label="ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_AggtErrCompAmt" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_AggtErrCompAmt_2" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_AggtErrCompAmt_3" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_AggtErrCompAmt_4" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:label="StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>w</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>i</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>C</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 20-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>6</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>F</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>i</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>C</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock_2" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock_3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 40-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>19</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>1</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>iii</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock_3" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock_4" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form N-CSR</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>18</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>1</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>iii</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock_4" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:label="OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>w</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>i</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>D</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 20-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>6</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>F</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>i</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>D</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt_2" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt_3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 40-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>19</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>1</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>iv</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt_3" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt_4" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form N-CSR</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>18</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>1</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>iv</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt_4" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:label="AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>w</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>i</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>E</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 20-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>6</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>F</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>i</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>E</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock_2" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock_3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 40-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>19</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>1</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>v</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock_3" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock_4" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form N-CSR</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>18</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>1</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>v</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock_4" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_3" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_4" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_5" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_3" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_4" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_5" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_3" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_4" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_5" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:label="ForgoneRecoveryIndName"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_3" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_4" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ForgoneRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="reference_NonNeosMember_5" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:label="RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>w</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 20-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>6</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>F</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock_2" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock_3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 40-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>19</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>b</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock_3" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock_4" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form N-CSR</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>18</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>b</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock_4" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:label="ErrCompRecoveryTable"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:to="reference_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:to="reference_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems_2" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:to="reference_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems_3" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ErrCompRecoveryTable" xlink:to="reference_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems_4" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:label="RestatementDateAxis"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RestatementDateAxis" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>w</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>i</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RestatementDateAxis" xlink:to="reference_RestatementDateAxis" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RestatementDateAxis_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 20-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>6</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>F</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>i</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RestatementDateAxis" xlink:to="reference_RestatementDateAxis_2" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RestatementDateAxis_3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 40-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>19</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>1</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RestatementDateAxis" xlink:to="reference_RestatementDateAxis_3" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_RestatementDateAxis_4" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form N-CSR</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>18</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>1</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="RestatementDateAxis" xlink:to="reference_RestatementDateAxis_4" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:label="AwardTmgDiscLineItems"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>x</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AwardTmgDiscLineItems" xlink:to="reference_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:label="InsiderTradingArrLineItems"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>408</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>a</ref:Subsection>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" xlink:to="reference_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgDiscTable" xlink:label="AwardTmgDiscTable"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AwardTmgDiscTable" xlink:to="reference_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_InsiderTradingArrTable" xlink:label="InsiderTradingArrTable"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="InsiderTradingArrTable" xlink:to="reference_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" xlink:label="AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" xlink:label="AwardTmgMethodTextBlock"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" xlink:label="AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" xlink:to="reference_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" xlink:label="AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" xlink:label="MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" xlink:to="reference_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" xlink:label="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_AllIndividualsMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems" xlink:label="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems" xlink:to="reference_AllIndividualsMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:label="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>x</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>ii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>A</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" xlink:to="reference_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:label="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" xlink:to="reference_AllIndividualsMember_2" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:label="AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>x</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>ii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>C</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" xlink:to="reference_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardExrcPrice" xlink:label="AwardExrcPrice"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AwardExrcPrice" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>x</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>ii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>D</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AwardExrcPrice" xlink:to="reference_AwardExrcPrice" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:label="AwardGrantDateFairValue"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>x</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>ii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>E</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AwardGrantDateFairValue" xlink:to="reference_AwardGrantDateFairValue" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:label="UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>x</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>ii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>F</ref:Sentence>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" xlink:to="reference_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:label="Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>408</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>a</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:to="reference_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:label="Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:to="reference_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:label="NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" xlink:to="reference_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:label="NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" xlink:to="reference_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" xlink:label="MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TrdArrIndName" xlink:label="TrdArrIndName"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="TrdArrIndName" xlink:to="reference_AllIndividualsMember_3" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" xlink:label="TrdArrIndTitle"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="TrdArrIndTitle" xlink:to="reference_AllIndividualsMember_3" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate" xlink:label="TrdArrAdoptionDate"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_TrdArrAdoptionDate" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>408</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>a</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>B</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="TrdArrAdoptionDate" xlink:to="reference_TrdArrAdoptionDate" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate" xlink:label="TrdArrTerminationDate"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="TrdArrTerminationDate" xlink:to="reference_TrdArrAdoptionDate" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TrdArrDuration" xlink:label="TrdArrDuration"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_TrdArrDuration" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>408</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>a</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>C</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="TrdArrDuration" xlink:to="reference_TrdArrDuration" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt" xlink:label="TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>408</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>a</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>D</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt" xlink:to="reference_TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" xlink:label="InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>408</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>b</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" xlink:to="reference_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 20-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>16</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>J</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" xlink:to="reference_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag_2" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock" xlink:label="InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag_2" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TradingArrByIndTable" xlink:label="TradingArrByIndTable"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="TradingArrByIndTable" xlink:to="reference_AllIndividualsMember_3" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" xlink:label="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" xlink:to="reference_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" xlink:to="reference_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag_2" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcTable" xlink:label="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcTable"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcTable" xlink:to="reference_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcTable" xlink:to="reference_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag_2" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" xlink:label="AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" xlink:to="reference_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:label="OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>w</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_2" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 20-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>6</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>F</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>1</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_2" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_3" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form 40-F</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>19</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>3</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_3" priority="10"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_4" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Form N-CSR</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>18</ref:Section>
<ref:Paragraph>a</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>3</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_4" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:label="OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_2" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_3" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_4" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:label="OutstandingRecoveryIndName"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_2" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_3" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveryIndName" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_4" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:label="OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_2" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_3" priority="10"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" xlink:to="reference_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems_4" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TradingArrAxis" xlink:label="TradingArrAxis"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="TradingArrAxis" xlink:to="reference_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AllTradingArrangementsMember" xlink:label="AllTradingArrangementsMember"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AllTradingArrangementsMember" xlink:to="reference_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate" xlink:label="TrdArrExpirationDate"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="TrdArrExpirationDate" xlink:to="reference_TrdArrDuration" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:label="PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" xlink:label="AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>A</ref:Sentence>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" xlink:to="reference_AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:label="PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>B</ref:Sentence>
<ref:Clause>1</ref:Clause>
<ref:Subclause>i</ref:Subclause>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:to="reference_PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" xlink:label="PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>B</ref:Sentence>
<ref:Clause>1</ref:Clause>
<ref:Subclause>ii</ref:Subclause>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" xlink:to="reference_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:label="AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>B</ref:Sentence>
<ref:Clause>1</ref:Clause>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" xlink:to="reference_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:label="EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock" xlink:to="reference_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" xlink:label="EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>C</ref:Sentence>
<ref:Clause>1</ref:Clause>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" xlink:to="reference_EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" xlink:label="YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>C</ref:Sentence>
<ref:Clause>1</ref:Clause>
<ref:Subclause>i</ref:Subclause>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" xlink:to="reference_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember" xlink:label="ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>C</ref:Sentence>
<ref:Clause>1</ref:Clause>
<ref:Subclause>ii</ref:Subclause>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember" xlink:to="reference_ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:label="VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>C</ref:Sentence>
<ref:Clause>1</ref:Clause>
<ref:Subclause>iii</ref:Subclause>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:to="reference_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:label="ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>C</ref:Sentence>
<ref:Clause>1</ref:Clause>
<ref:Subclause>iv</ref:Subclause>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" xlink:to="reference_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" xlink:label="FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>C</ref:Sentence>
<ref:Clause>1</ref:Clause>
<ref:Subclause>v</ref:Subclause>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" xlink:to="reference_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" xlink:label="DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember"/>
<link:reference xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="reference_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef">
<ref:Publisher>SEC</ref:Publisher>
<ref:Name>Regulation S-K</ref:Name>
<ref:Number>229</ref:Number>
<ref:Section>402</ref:Section>
<ref:Subsection>v</ref:Subsection>
<ref:Paragraph>2</ref:Paragraph>
<ref:Subparagraph>iii</ref:Subparagraph>
<ref:Sentence>C</ref:Sentence>
<ref:Clause>1</ref:Clause>
<ref:Subclause>vi</ref:Subclause>
</link:reference>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" xlink:to="reference_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:label="EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" xlink:to="reference_EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" priority="10"/>
<link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="#ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember" xlink:label="EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember"/>
<link:referenceArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-reference" xlink:from="EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember" xlink:to="reference_EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" priority="10"/>
</link:referenceLink>
</link:linkbase>
</xs:appinfo>
</xs:annotation>
<xs:element name="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" id="ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PvpTable" id="ecd_PvpTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PvpTableTextBlock" id="ecd_PvpTableTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" id="ecd_PayVsPerformanceTableLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PeoTotalCompAmt" id="ecd_PeoTotalCompAmt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" id="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgTotalCompAmt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" id="ecd_PeoActuallyPaidCompAmt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" id="ecd_NonPeoNeoAvgCompActuallyPaidAmt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="TotalShareholderRtnAmt" id="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnAmt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" id="ecd_PeerGroupIssuersFnTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" id="ecd_ChangedPeerGroupFnTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" id="ecd_PeerGroupTotalShareholderRtnAmt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="CoSelectedMeasureAmt" id="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureAmt" type="xbrli:decimalItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="CoSelectedMeasureName" id="ecd_CoSelectedMeasureName" type="xbrli:normalizedStringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" id="ecd_NonGaapMeasureDescriptionTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PvpMeasuresLineItems" id="ecd_PvpMeasuresLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PvpMeasuresTable" id="ecd_PvpMeasuresTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="MeasureAxis" id="ecd_MeasureAxis" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrldt:typedDomainRef="#ecd_MeasureAxis.domain" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="MeasureName" id="ecd_MeasureName" type="xbrli:normalizedStringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="OtherPerfMeasureAmt" id="ecd_OtherPerfMeasureAmt" type="xbrli:decimalItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AdjLineItems" id="ecd_AdjLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PvpAdjTable" id="ecd_PvpAdjTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AdjToCompAxis" id="ecd_AdjToCompAxis" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AllAdjToCompMember" id="ecd_AllAdjToCompMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AdjToCompAmt" id="ecd_AdjToCompAmt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" id="ecd_NamedExecutiveOfficersFnTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PeoName" id="ecd_PeoName" type="xbrli:normalizedStringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" id="ecd_AdjToPeoCompFnTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" id="ecd_AdjToNonPeoNeoCompFnTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" id="ecd_EquityValuationAssumptionDifferenceFnTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" id="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsTotalShareholderRtnTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" id="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsNetIncomeTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" id="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsCoSelectedMeasureTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" id="ecd_TotalShareholderRtnVsPeerGroupTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" id="ecd_CompActuallyPaidVsOtherMeasureTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PayVsPerformanceDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasuresLineItems" id="ecd_PayVsPerformanceDisclosureWithAdditionalMeasuresLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PvpWithAdditionalMeasuresTable" id="ecd_PvpWithAdditionalMeasuresTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="TabularListTableTextBlock" id="ecd_TabularListTableTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PvpTabularListTable" id="ecd_PvpTabularListTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PvpTabularListsLineItems" id="ecd_PvpTabularListsLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="TabularListMeasuresLineItems" id="ecd_TabularListMeasuresLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PvpTabularListsTable" id="ecd_PvpTabularListsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="ExecutiveCategoryAxis" id="ecd_ExecutiveCategoryAxis" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" id="ecd_AllExecutiveCategoriesMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PeoMember" id="ecd_PeoMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="NonPeoNeoMember" id="ecd_NonPeoNeoMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="IndividualAxis" id="ecd_IndividualAxis" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AllIndividualsMember" id="ecd_AllIndividualsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" id="ecd_Additional402vDisclosureTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="MeasureAxis.domain" id="ecd_MeasureAxis.domain" type="xs:positiveInteger"/>
<xs:element name="RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" id="ecd_RecoveryOfErrCompDisclosureLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="ErrCompRecoveryTable" id="ecd_ErrCompRecoveryTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="RestatementDateAxis" id="ecd_RestatementDateAxis" type="xbrli:stringItemType" xbrldt:typedDomainRef="#ecd_RestatementDateAxis.domain" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="RestatementDeterminationDate" id="ecd_RestatementDeterminationDate" type="xbrli:dateItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AggtErrCompAmt" id="ecd_AggtErrCompAmt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant"/>
<xs:element name="ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" id="ecd_ErrCompAnalysisTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" id="ecd_StkPrcOrTsrEstimationMethodTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" id="ecd_OutstandingAggtErrCompAmt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant"/>
<xs:element name="AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" id="ecd_AggtErrCompNotYetDeterminedTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" id="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryExplanationOfImpracticabilityTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" id="ecd_ForgoneRecoveriesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable" id="ecd_ForgoneRecoveriesByIndTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="NonNeosMember" id="ecd_NonNeosMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="ForgoneRecoveryIndName" id="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryIndName" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" id="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToExpenseOfEnforcementAmt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" id="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToViolationOfHomeCountryLawAmt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" id="ecd_ForgoneRecoveryDueToDisqualificationOfTaxBenefitsAmt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" id="ecd_OutstandingRecoveriesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable" id="ecd_OutstandingRecoveriesByIndTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="OutstandingRecoveryIndName" id="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryIndName" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" id="ecd_OutstandingRecoveryCompAmt" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant"/>
<xs:element name="RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" id="ecd_RestatementDoesNotRequireRecoveryTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="RestatementDateAxis.domain" id="ecd_RestatementDateAxis.domain" type="xs:date"/>
<xs:element name="AwardTmgDiscLineItems" id="ecd_AwardTmgDiscLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AwardTmgDiscTable" id="ecd_AwardTmgDiscTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" id="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiDiscTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" id="ecd_AwardTmgMethodTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" id="ecd_AwardTmgPredtrmndFlag" type="xbrli:booleanItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" id="ecd_AwardTmgMnpiCnsdrdFlag" type="xbrli:booleanItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" id="ecd_AwardTmgHowMnpiCnsdrdTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" id="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTableTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" id="ecd_MnpiDiscTimedForCompValFlag" type="xbrli:booleanItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems" id="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" id="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" id="ecd_AwardsCloseToMnpiDiscIndName" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant"/>
<xs:element name="AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" id="ecd_AwardUndrlygSecuritiesAmt" type="xbrli:decimalItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant"/>
<xs:element name="AwardExrcPrice" id="ecd_AwardExrcPrice" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant"/>
<xs:element name="AwardGrantDateFairValue" id="ecd_AwardGrantDateFairValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant"/>
<xs:element name="UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" id="ecd_UndrlygSecurityMktPriceChngPct" type="xbrli:pureItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant"/>
<xs:element name="InsiderTradingArrLineItems" id="ecd_InsiderTradingArrLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="TradingArrAxis" id="ecd_TradingArrAxis" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AllTradingArrangementsMember" id="ecd_AllTradingArrangementsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="InsiderTradingArrTable" id="ecd_InsiderTradingArrTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" id="ecd_Rule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" type="xbrli:booleanItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" id="ecd_Rule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" type="xbrli:booleanItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" id="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrAdoptedFlag" type="xbrli:booleanItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" id="ecd_NonRule10b51ArrTrmntdFlag" type="xbrli:booleanItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" id="ecd_MtrlTermsOfTrdArrTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="TradingArrByIndTable" id="ecd_TradingArrByIndTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="TrdArrIndName" id="ecd_TrdArrIndName" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="TrdArrIndTitle" id="ecd_TrdArrIndTitle" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="TrdArrAdoptionDate" id="ecd_TrdArrAdoptionDate" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="TrdArrExpirationDate" id="ecd_TrdArrExpirationDate" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="TrdArrTerminationDate" id="ecd_TrdArrTerminationDate" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="TrdArrDuration" id="ecd_TrdArrDuration" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt" id="ecd_TrdArrSecuritiesAggAvailAmt" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant"/>
<xs:element name="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" id="ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="InsiderTradingPoliciesProcTable" id="ecd_InsiderTradingPoliciesProcTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" id="ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcAdoptedFlag" type="xbrli:booleanItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock" id="ecd_InsiderTrdPoliciesProcNotAdoptedTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" id="ecd_PnsnBnftsAdjFnTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" id="ecd_AggtChngPnsnValInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" id="ecd_AggtPnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" id="ecd_PnsnAdjsSvcCstMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" id="ecd_PnsnAdjsPrrSvcCstMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock" id="ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjFnTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember" id="ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" id="ecd_EqtyAwrdsInSummryCompstnTblForAplblYrMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" id="ecd_EqtyAwrdsAdjsExclgValRprtdInSummryCompstnTblMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" id="ecd_YrEndFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInCvrdYrOutsdngAndUnvstdMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember" id="ecd_ChngInFrValOfOutsdngAndUnvstdEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" id="ecd_VstngDtFrValOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdAndVstdInCvrdYrMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" id="ecd_ChngInFrValAsOfVstngDtOfPrrYrEqtyAwrdsVstdInCvrdYrMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" id="ecd_FrValAsOfPrrYrEndOfEqtyAwrdsGrntdInPrrYrsFldVstngCondsDrngCvrdYrMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
<xs:element name="DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" id="ecd_DvddsOrOthrErngsPdOnEqtyAwrdsNtOthrwsRflctdInTtlCompForCvrdYrMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration"/>
</xs:schema>
